The 17th Amendment to the US Constitution

On March 4, 1789, the first group of United States senators reported for duty in the brand new U.S. Congress. For the next 124 years, while many new senators would come and go, not a single one of them would have been elected by the American people. From 1789 to 1913, when the Seventeenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, all U.S. senators were chosen by the state legislatures. Key Takeaways: The 17th Amendment The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution provides for the election of senators by voters in the states they are to represent, rather than by the state legislatures and establishes the method for filling vacancies in the Senate.The 17th Amendment was proposed in 1912 and ratified on April 8, 1913. Senators were first elected by the people in Maryland in 1913, and nationwide in the general election of November 3,1914. The 17th Amendment provides that senators should be directly elected by voters in the states they are to represent, rather than by the state legislatures. It also provides a method for filling vacancies in the Senate. The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and adopted in 1913 after being ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the then 48 states. Senators were first elected by voters in special elections in Maryland in 1913 and Alabama in 1914, then nationwide in the general election of 1914. With the right of the people to choose some of the most powerful officials of the U.S. federal government seemingly such an integral part of American democracy, why did it take so for that right to be granted? Background The framers of the Constitution, convinced that senators should not be popularly elected, crafted Article I, section 3 of the Constitution to state, â€Å"The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.† The framers felt that allowing the state legislatures to choose senators would secure their loyalty to the federal government, thus increasing the Constitution’s chances of ratification. In addition, the framers felt that senators chosen by their state legislatures would be better able to concentrate on the legislative process without having to deal with public pressure. While the first measure to amend the Constitution to provide for the election of senators by popular vote was introduced in the House of Representatives in 1826, the idea failed to gain traction until the late 1850s when several state legislatures began to deadlock over the election of senators resulting in lengthy un-filled vacancies in the Senate. As Congress struggled to pass legislation dealing with momentous issues like slavery, states’ rights, and threats of state secession , the Senate vacancies became a critical issue. However, the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, along with the long post-war period of reconstruction, would further delay action on the popular election of senators. During reconstruction, the difficulties of passing legislation needed to reunite the still-ideologically divided nation were further complicated by Senate vacancies. A law passed by Congress in 1866 regulating how and when senators were chosen in each state helped, but deadlocks and delays in several state legislatures continued. In one extreme example, Delaware failed to send a senator to Congress for four years from 1899 to 1903. Constitutional amendments to elect senators by popular vote were introduced in House of Representatives during every session from 1893 to 1902. The Senate, however, fearing the change would diminish its political influence, rejected them all. Widespread public support for change came in 1892 when the newly-formed Populist Party made the direct election of senators a key part of its platform. With that, some states took the matter into their own hands. In 1907, Oregon became the first state to select its senators by direct election. Nebraska soon followed suit, and by 1911, more than 25 states were selecting their senators through direct popular elections. The States Force Congress to Act When the Senate continued to resist the growing public demand for the direct election of senators, several states invoked a rarely-used constitutional strategy. Under Article V of the Constitution, Congress is required to call a constitutional convention for the purpose of amending the Constitution whenever two-thirds of the states demand it to do so. As the number of states applying to invoke Article V neared the two-thirds mark, Congress decided to act. Debate and Ratification In 1911, one of the senators who had been popularly elected, Senator Joseph Bristow from Kansas, offered a resolution proposing the 17th Amendment. Despite significant opposition, the Senate narrowly approved Senator Bristow’s resolution, largely on the votes of senators who recently had been popularly elected. After long, often heated debate, the House finally passed the amendment and sent it to the states for ratification in the spring of 1912. On May 22, 1912, Massachusetts became the first state to ratify the 17th Amendment. Connecticuts approval on April 8, 1913, gave the 17th Amendment the required three-fourths majority. With 36 of 48 states having ratified the 17th Amendment, it was certified by Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan on May 31, 1913, as part of the Constitution. In total, 41 states eventually ratified the 17th Amendment. The state of Utah rejected the amendment, while the states of Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Virginia took no action on it. Effect of the 17th Amendment: Section 1 Section 1 of the 17th Amendment restates and amends the first paragraph of Article I, section 3 of the Constitution to provide for the direct popular election of U.S. senators by replacing the phrase â€Å"chosen by the Legislature thereof† with â€Å"elected by the people thereof.† Effect of the 17th Amendment: Section 2 Section 2 altered the way in which vacant Senate seats are to be filled. Under Article I, section 3, the seats of senators who left office before the end of their terms were to be replaced by the state legislatures. The 17th Amendment gives the state legislatures the right to allow the state’s governor to appoint a temporary replacement to serve until a special public election can be held. In practice, when a Senate seat becomes vacant near the national general election, the governors typically choose not to call a special election. Effect of the 17th Amendment: Section 3 Section 3 of the 17th Amendment simply clarified that the amendment did not apply to Senators chosen before it became a valid part of the Constitution. Text of the 17th Amendment Section 1.The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. Section 2.When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of each State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. Section 3.This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

Apollo 13 Movie Physics Essay - 1035 Words

Apollo 13 Essay Have you ever wondered what it would be like to fly in space or work on the crew at NASA that helps the astronauts get home safely? These two jobs both use many of the laws of physics. In fact, almost everything they do involves physics. Apollo 13 is a movie that epitomizes what those jobs are like and how much physics is required. The three main laws of physics in the movie were Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation, Newton’s First Law, and Newton’s Third Law. One main law in Apollo 13 was Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation, defined as F=Gm1m2r2, where G=6.67Ãâ€"10-11. The first main scene in which this law was needed was when NASA decided that it would be best for the crew to take a free-return trajectory back to†¦show more content†¦Another prevalent physics law in Apollo 13 was Newton’s First Law, which states that a body will persist in its state of rest or of uniform motion unless it is acted upon by an external u nbalanced force. In most scenes of Apollo 13 that show the spacecraft in space this law was visually demonstrated. The Apollo 13 spacecraft was always in uniform motion unless it was acted on by another external unbalanced force. The most significant force in space that would act on the spacecraft was that of gravity. Gravity from other large masses, such as the Earth, Moon, and Sun, acted as the external unbalanced force which changed the spacecraft’s speed and direction. If all the gravity in space were to suddenly disappear and the net force on the spacecraft were to be zero then the Apollo 13 ship would simply adhere to its uniform motion tangent to its original path. Another group of scenes in which Newton’s First was displayed was when the astronauts moved around in their spacecraft while in space. It is quite easy to tell from watching how the astronauts moved around in 0g that they were exhibiting Newton’s First Law. If an astronaut in the movie applied a force in one direction to move in the other that astronaut would then move at a constant velocity (in relation to the ship) as soon as that force was removed. On the contrary, if no force were applied,Show MoreRelatedA Form Of Geometric Art Invented By The Famous Dutch Artist2670 Words   |  11 Pagesstart of the industrial era (Misa, pg. 251). The technologies produced by the military such as computer chips, nuclear power, artificial intelligence, Internet, etc. gave the world a kick-start in the field of modern technology (Misa, pg. 251). The Apollo Missions between the years 1969 and 1972 were possible only due to the military derived rockets; even the space shuttles missions were successful due to the satellites positioned by the military (Misa, pg. 251). Highly advanced technological companiesRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-471-75167-0 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-471-751 67-7 (pbk.) 1. Project management-Case studies. I. Title. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface xi 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Fems Healthcare, Inc. Clark Faucet Company 2 5 7 11 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Kombs Engineering 13 Williams Machine Tool Company 15 Wynn Computer Equipment (WCE) 17 The

Financial Accounting & Reporting Halides Ltd

Question : (1)When finalising the financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2014 two significant errorswere made and there is debate as to whether we should simply adjust the financial statements inthe current year or change last years financial statements as well. The IT system of the companywas installed 3 years ago at a cost of approximately $3.5 million and was estimated to last 10years. However the latest technology advancements indicate that this was a very optimisticestimate and that the maximum life span of this equipment will probably be not more than 6 yearsin total with little or no residual value. It was also discovered in August 2014 that a machine worth$2.2 million purchased in January 2014 was erroneously written off to repairs and maintenanceinstead of being capitalised.Deberella the marketing director thinks we should just adjust this years figures to account for theseproblems but Peter indicated that it was slightly more complicated than that. Could you please giveus som e advice on this? (2)A number of employees who work on our strategic management team have been with us for anumber of years - at least 12 of them have been with us since the company commencedoperations in 2006. In accordance with the Employee Bargaining Agreement (EBA) all employeesare entitled to long service leave of 13 weeks if they remain in service for 10 years. They are alsoentitled to pro rata long service leave after 6 years of service.Our usual practice is to show the long service leave expense in the income statement when theemployee actually takes leave and is paid. Of course we maintain a memorandum record of thenumber of days each employee is entitled to. Peter has indicated to us that he thinks we shouldconsider treating this expense in a different manner, which seems complicated. The directors arewondering why we should complicate a very simple way of calculating long service leave why notstick with recognising the expense when we pay for it? What do you think we should do and why? (3)Peter, the new financial controller, has also informed the board that the company will need to presenta statement of cash flows with the financial statements in addition to those statements already beingpresented, which really attracted a lot of attention. Some of the directors thought it was a waste oftime to present this statement as it was merely a summarised cash book. Others were of the opinionthat it could be useful but didnt quite know how they would use it. The structure of the statement ofcash flows also came into question with one of the directors suggesting that we merely needed to geta printout of the cash account and attach it. Another said that we couldnt just do that as we neededto show operating, instigating and financing cash flows in the statement. Could you please clarifythis matter for us? Answer : (1) As per the codification topic number 250-10-45-12, any entity can only and only change the accounting principles that has been followed only when the other method that is proposed to be followed is preferable. But the method of accounting that was being followed for the types of the transactions shall in no case be allowed to be terminated. In order to illustrate this, the method of accounting that was being followed for taxes or for the credit of taxes shall not be changed at the time of discontinuance. Nut a change in the estimated period of the asset that is of benefit for the asset, only if the same has been justified by the facts, shall be recognised as the change in the estimate of accounting.(EY, 2015) As per IAS 8, Correction of prior period accounting error, the prior period errors of account are the omissions from the misstatements that took place in the prior financial statements that have resulted of them being unfit for use or the misuse of the reliable information that was available could have reasonable be expected to be obtained, at the time of the preparation of those financial statements. The following are some of the examples of the accounting error: 1. Application of the accounting policies in the wrong way. This could include not recognizing the sale of the goods even when the same were transferred to the customer 2.Fraud.This would include the failure to notice the information that was available at the time of the preparation of the financial statements like not writing off the debtors even when the same was declared insolvent 3. Mathematical errors, like addition etc. 4. Omitting the recording of the transaction in the financial statements These errors must be separate from the changes that were made in the prior period estimates that were based upon the information that is best reflected in the conditions and the circumstances that existed as on the reporting date. The errors in the financial statements losses the confidence of its users in them. Therefore, the errors must be discovered and corrected in the timely manner so as to ensure that the users are capable of relying on the information that is contained on the financial statements. The correction of the errors relating to the prior accounting periods must be corrected retrospectively in the financial statements. The retrospective application refers to the correction of the fact of correcting the comparative figures from the very beginning when the item started being recorded in the financial statements. The main reason behind the same is the fact that the current year figures have to be compared with the figures pertaining to the previous years.(IAS, 2015)And when is an error the same has to be corrected as the prior period item. In the given case, the expected period for the IT system was changed and therefore, the same will go on to change the amount of the depreciation that is being charged and will change the depreciation that was charged in the previous years. And therefore, the same will change retrospectively and will relate to the previous years and will be reported as the prior period item (2) As per the AASB 30, accounting for the employee benefits and entitlements, all the liabilities that arise on account of the following: 1. Wages and salaries, annual leave and the sick leaves irrespective of whether they will be settled within the time span of 12 months of the reporting or not 2. Other such employee entitlement that are expected to be settled within the period of 12 months will be measured at their nominal values and amounts. All the employees entitlements shall be measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The amounts have to be paid to the employees for the services that have been rendered by them to the employer.(AASB, 2015) An income statement is the statement that shows the amounts that have been earned during the year and the amounts that have been spent during the same period. All the expenses that have been spent during the year will also include the expenses that have been paid to the employees in respect of their long service leaves. The items that are included in the income statement are the items that are related with the regular course of business activities of the company. And therefore, the long term service leaves that are en-cashed during the year by the employees will go on to be included in the income statement. And this is the appropriate treatment for the same. There is no reason for the creation of the provision for the same since the same is being paid on the regular basis. (3) A cash flow statement is the statement that shows the cash that has been received by the organization and has been suspended by the organization within a year. The statement of cash flows is required to be prepared by the generally accepted accounting principles and are required to be included in the financial statements. The cash flow statement is required to be included in each and every year in which the income or the operating statement is included. It is due to this reason that the annual reports includes the statement of cash flows for each year. The main aim of a cash flow statement is to report as to whether the organization is able to generate the cash and when it is, how it is using it. When the organization knows where the cash is coming from, then it can assess the future requirements of cash of the organization as well. When the organizations represent their cash flow statements, then the companies combine the cash and cash equivalents since it considers the same as the short term investments that are used as the primary source of cash.(Wiley, 2015) The main reason for the preparation of the cash flow statement are as follows: 1. The cash flow statement must always compare the actual cash flows with the predicted cash flows. This will help the organization in figuring out whether the things have worked out as were planned or not and when they have not, then the reasons behind the discrepancies. This will also help in planning the future course of action for the organization. 2. When an investor looks at the forecast of the cash flows, it tells him whether the money that is being earned and being received by the organization will be able to meet the expenses of the organization or not. If the amount of the cash flows are enough, then the business must arrange in order to obtain the amount of the money. This could be done either inside or outside the organization. The easiest way of meeting the short term cash crunches is borrowing the money from the bank. But there are some other methods too that could be used to fund the organization. (Bized, 2015) Therefore, it is very important to prepare a cash flow statement. References: Accounting-simplified.com, (2015). IAS 8 Correction of Prior Period Accounting Errors. [Online] Available at: https://accounting-simplified.com/standard/ias-8/correction-of-accounting-errors.html [Accessed 17 Jan. 2015]. Bized.co.uk, (2015). Biz/ed - Cash Flow Learning Trail | Biz/ed. [online] Available at: https://www.bized.co.uk/learn/business/accounting/cashflow/trail/cashflow.htm?page=4 [Accessed 17 Jan. 2015]. www.aasb.gov.au, (2015). AASB 30. [Online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AAS30_3-94.pdf [Accessed 17 Jan. 2015]. www.ey.com, (2015). Accounting changes and error corrections. [Online] Available at: https://www.ey.com [Accessed 17 Jan. 2015]. www.wiley.com, (2015). Cash flow statements. [Online] Available at: https://www.wiley.com/college/bcs/0471238236/king/ch13.pdf [Accessed 17 Jan. 2015].

Nike - Ethical Issues free essay sample

Nike tried many different measures of correcting its image as well many public relations measures to help salvage the image the public had of them after images of Nike employees working in sweatshops were released. In this essay, we will look at Nike’s international business operations and analyze the ethical issues and dilemmas they are faced with as a result of manufacturing their goods on foreign soil. Areas of Concern Some areas of concern for Nike include poor working conditions, low wages, child labor, as well as health concerns in the factories. These are all areas of concern where ethics is involved. Ethics is the generic term for the science of our morals. The executives at Nike have been accused of many ethical dilemmas. For example, poor working conditions in factories that produce Nike products has been one big issue plaguing the company for years. Nike outsources their labor to countries that are in need of economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Ethical Issues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are able to obtain the labor at a cheap, and some may say, unfair rate. This causes workers to be exposed to working conditions that would be far below what we would accept here in the US or any developed country in the world. These workers are faced with long grueling hours, some as long as sixty five hours per week, this according to the NY Times. Employees at this particular factory were located in Vietnam. (Greenhouse, NY Times) Working all those hours and only bringing home $10 USD a week. The employees endure this type of treatment because they are desperate for the little money they earn. This brings me into my next point of concern, low wages. Nike contracts all their manufacturing to developing or third world countries. Even though the countries wages are lower than our own here in the US, Nike fails to provide wages to workers at a rate in which they can sustain themselves and their families. Because of this, cheap labor is exploited and many workers are treated poorly. Some workers earning these low wages were children as young as early and preteens. Deplorable working conditions have lasting effects on employees. Many employees experienced skin and breathing problems in those factories. Just because you are operating in a country that is not up to the standards of the United States, does not make it ethically okay to subject your employees to conditions that are unacceptable. Current Analysis One can speculate as to why Nike would be involved in such a Hodge podge of ethical dilemmas. Could it be because they are not operating in the US and feel as though they should not abide by the ethical standards and OSHA requirements set forth in our country? Is it that the upper management has something to gain personally from outsourcing its labor to under developed countries? Should our government step in and be able to regulate how the factories and workers are treated on foreign soil? I do believe Nike was socially responsible for its actions. When the allegations came to light in the public eye, there was a lot of backlash regarding them. Nike joined a task force called fair job labor association to review the allegations made against them. This was to help ensure that Nike was abiding by the ethics code in the shoe and clothing industry. Since the allegations came out in 2008, Nike has helped improve the conditions in its manufacturing plants by improving the ventilation systems, reducing the use of many toxic chemicals, as well as improving safety features for those who work in the plants. By joining a task force that helps promote fair labor practices, Nike is taking responsibility for its actions and showing the global market that is does take an interest in those working in the factory. This helps to alleviate any hesitation consumers may have with purchasing products made by Nike. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 can help Nike monitor the compliance of the factories in foreign companies because it can help Nike monitor the wages paid to its employees more closely to ensure they are being paid fairly. As well it can help the company identify any significant changes in internal controls and related factors. Government Regulations The International Labor Organization (ILO) sets the standards for working conditions around the globe. ILO’s main target is governments however; many of the standards recognized today affect the behavior of corporations. The UN Global Compact sought to create a partnership between the UN and many transnational companies to promote ten essential principles in the areas of human rights, labor, the environment, and anti-corruption. (Anderson, International Regulation of Transnational Corporations, p. 5) These principles include the right to equal opportunity, right to security, right to workers, as well as the respect for independence and human rights. For Nike, I think these organizations helped shape the path in which the company will continue to strive to follow. Since the allegations of ethical issues arose with Nike, they have gone through great lengths to make sure that the company has more transparency to its stakeholders, the government as well as the general public. This allows Nike to clearly define their policies as well as be able to hold employees responsible should any ethical issues arise with the principles established for Nike. The UN Global Compact has helped Nike be able to implement acceptable standards in their factories. This helps decrease the child labor that is used in these countries as well as improve the standards of the manufacturing plants. It helps Nike be able to analyze the amount of accidents within a certain time frame and adjust schedules and shifts to make sure that the accident numbers are at the bare minimum. Conclusion Nike has faced much criticism over its decisions regarding the manufacturing plants in developing countries. Experts will continue to question how Nike runs its manufacturing plants even though when we do look at Nike today, they are operating at standards that are acceptable. The Nike brand is known worldwide in practically every country in the world. It is a brand that has sustained its success. There will always be questions regarding the practices Nike is involved in. However, once you begin to analyze the company, you see the Nike is determined to continue to be successful. It has implemented its own independent audits of the foreign manufacturing plants as well as engages in events that support human rights. It will be a tough fight for Nike as it will constantly be faced with ethical dilemmas because of the way the world economy is today. Nike continues to receive harsh criticism for producing its product overseas and not on US soil, much to the dismay of critics who are hardcore supporters of products made in the US. Nike has collaborated with their suppliers, their employees, other buyers and non-governmental agencies to help design policies that are effective for each of the different cultural norms they encounter. This has helped Nike determine what good working conditions are as well as develop an effective product flow. Nike will continue to be one of the best known brands in the world.

A Glossary of College Greek Letters

A Glossary of College Greek Letters Greek-lettered organizations in North America date back to 1776, when students at William and Mary College founded a secret society called Phi Beta Kappa. Since then, dozens of groups have followed suit by drawing their names from the Greek alphabet, sometimes choosing letters that represented their mottoes (also in Greek). The fraternal organizations of the eighteenth century started out as secret literary societies, but today, people most commonly associate Greek-letter groups with the social fraternities and sororities on college campuses. Many collegiate honors societies and educational groups chose Greek letters for their names, as well. The letters below are shown in their capitalized forms and are listed in alphabetical order, according to the modern Greek alphabet. Modern Greek Alphabet Greek Letter Name Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu Xi Omicron Pi Rho Sigma Tau Upsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega Thinking of joining a fraternity or sorority? Learn how to decide if its right for you.

Guide on Writing a Remarkable Statement of Purpose

Guide on Writing a Remarkable Statement of Purpose Statement of Purpose: Guidelines and Examples Education plays a crucial role in our lives. It gives information on the world, society and changes us. Being a student, you constantly learn how to apply knowledge and achieve all of the goals, succeeding in professional and personal life. Although there are multiple academic levels, which greatly differ, there is a thing, which unites all of them. To take it to the next level, you will need to provide the admission committee with a whole set of papers, including a statement of purpose. Go on reading to find out what the assignment is about and how to get noticed by the admission board. Definition To impress the admission board, your statement of purpose should be completely outstanding. You not only need to follow a required format and rules but also to make it free from any mistakes and meet the required academic level. Unfortunately, editing a statement of purpose (further SoP) is a very challenging task, and you need to possess solid skills to find mistakes in your own paper. Students always doubt whether they did everything properly. That is why they feel pressure and prefer entrusting the assignment to professionals. If you also don’t want to leave anything to the chance, turn to us and get writing, editing and proofreading assistance in no time! Statement of Purpose types Every college or university has specific requirements when it comes to applications. That is why your SoP must follow all the guidelines if you want it to be accepted with the committee. Of course, you should start with a proper word count and appropriate formatting style, but it is also crucial to understand what type of Statement of Purpose you are asked to deliver. The SoP can be divided into various categories, depending on the goal of conducting such an assignment and the program you are willing to enter. Statement of Interest for the Graduate School Writing personal statements for a graduate level is completely different from writing essays for college. Students still lack experience and grades, because they are just starting college. That is why their essay mainly concentrates on personal attitude and vision of the surrounding world. This is what makes graduate school essays so complicated. When writing such a paper, a student needs to explain why he or she is willing to enter the chosen program and how he or she is prepared for the study. Students should also write about their career plans, interests and other background information, which will help the board to evaluate whether the applicant is a right fit for the program. Letter/Statement of Intent Statement of intent is the assignment, which covers a particular subject. For example, MA in Chemistry or Ph.D. in Philosophy. Some students think that statement of intent is just another personal statement, but in reality it is a mixture of your career aspirations and ideas for future research. Through such a paper you explain what your interest is and why you need the chosen program for your research. Personal statement can be quite similar because it helps the board to understand why the candidate is a perfect fit for the program by reading about his or her personal values. PhD SoP Statement of purpose for a Ph.D. level must contain multiple details and information: your academic experience, an explanation why you are willing to conduct research and of course your background. PhD is the highest academic level, so once you reach it, you have all the necessary skills to make your SoP bright, interesting and catchy. PhD SoP is quite similar to the one of Graduate School but should contain more information on your projects and explain why your future research is important. Writing Grad School Statement of Purpose You probably know how important it is to make a good first impression and you SoP is the first step you make towards the admission board. We know how scared students become thinking about the importance of such assignment. However, the tips below will surely help you. Stay away from irrelevant information and unnecessary details of your personal life; When you enumerate facts, don’t place them in a row and dilute with a story, interesting description or a joke. Help the board see how intelligent you are; Instead of simply writing about your achievements, quantify them. This will save the board’s time and give them a clearer picture of the results you have reached; Always avoid watery texts and stick to the point of the statement; Your tone should be formal and professional but still contain conversational elements; Remain who you are even if you are tempted to exaggerate any details; Highlight your strong sides; Make a list of the things you want to include and stick to that plan; Try to write a new statement every time you want to apply; Never explain why you failed to achieve something; Don’t use words you can’t understand; Explain why you are a proper fit for the program instead of pleading the board to accept you; Show how your skills and personality grew though educational stages and explain how you are planning to achieve new heights; Always revise and proofread your statement, even if it seems flawless at first. What a Statement of Purpose should contain Your personal motivation to become a part of the chosen program; Experience, which influenced your interests and career in a chosen field; Internship, research, volunteer work and other activities, which can relate to the chosen program; Information on the course you have taken to improve your skills and knowledge; Description of your short-term and long-term goals; Explaining how the chosen program can help you with achieving academic or career aspirations. Starting a SoP Often writing the first line is the hardest step, so many students postpone the process. However, once you get started, it becomes much easier to complete the assignment. Here are the tips, which will help you to start: You should have a clear understanding of your future education and career. Before getting started you must understand what you are willing to achieve with the help of a chosen program. Without a clear goal you won’t be able to write an impressive application; Make a list of the reasons why you are applying for the program. Just take a paper and write down all of the reasons and motivation why you are willing to become a part of the selected program. Think why it can help you in achieving your academic goals. It is important to write everything down to always remember your aspirations. Once you have defined all of your goals, you can proceed with the research; Research is a great tool for generating new ideas and for writing a highly-academic paper. You can research the university, the chosen program, field of studies, professors and much more; Start the writing process. It may be a piece of paper or a MC Word document. Don’t pay too much attention to the structure of your sentences and formatting. Simply write down anything, which enters your mind. Once the first draft is ready, reread it and edit in order to make it meet all of the requirements; Write a strong introduction to catch and hold the attention of the reader. Size of a SoP The length of your Statement of Purpose greatly depends on the college or university you are planning to enter. Usually, your SoP should be 5001000 words. To be on a safe side, you need to get familiar with the guidelines in order to know what formatting style to use and what font size to apply. It is crucial to follow all of the recommendations and check whether the word count of your statement meets the requirements. Examples of SoP Certain institutions provide applicants with specific questions, which you need to answer in your SoP instead of having the freedom to discuss any topic you want. For some students a necessity of choosing the topic on their own is additional stress, so assigning a topic becomes pure salvation. Examples of SoP for Grad School Why do you want to continue education at Grad School? Why did you decide to choose this particular program? Why did you decide to choose this college? Do you have any experience in the chosen field? How you are planning to use your degree in the future? What do you expect from the program and the college? Letter of Interest What are you planning to do with the degree in a professional field? Why are you willing to enter this program? Do you have enough experience and skills for the program? Statement of Intent Goals of your future research; Goals for your future career; How can the program assist you in achieving professional goals? Describe your previous projects and their influence on the choice of a particular program; How can the chosen program help you in solving the problems you have faced in your previous projects? Statement of Purpose: example I became interested in branding many years ago and such interest bloomed due to all of my college studies, experience and love to travel. People assume that brand can only be applied to companies, while it is a broader term, which can express a personality, a message and any other issue. I have examined the importance of brands in multiple companies and seen how the same brand has a completely different impact depending on the culture and location. Brands are more than companies’ strategies to sell their goods and services. Brand is about giving a name to everything, to be noticed and to have a positive impact on the surrounding. Unfortunately, branding is treated wrongly and I want to examine every part of it, which is possible with your outstanding program. I want to become a part of it because of my passion for branding and management, which can impact the lives and success of many individuals and companies. I have experience working in marketing and brand development fields, which gave me an outstanding foundation for better understanding of the market and buyers’ psychology. I decided to apply to this program because of many reasons. First of all, it is one of the best schools in the country with the latest achievements and teaching approaches. Your school is well-known for helping graduates with entering the business world with solid knowledge and achievements. Another reason is that your program is constantly improved and helps students to challenge themselves, thinking outside the box and pushing the limits. I am ready for any challenges of joining your course. I have worked at a college and have also been an Assistant Manager in one of the biggest companies in New York. My main responsibilities were tracking how good the employees were in meeting the company’s requirements, checking how optimal their marketing strategy was and completing reports on a weekly basis. The environment was vibrant and fast moving, filled with multiple challenges and new experience. It helped me to become independent, gain new skills and knowledge, follow the latest marketing trends and meet people, who were also passionate about marketing. Our world is moving so fast that it is crucial to learn quickly and always follow the market. I think that marketing is the same as branding. I want to enter this field because I am a creative person and willing to work hard to achieve my goals. Once I complete a master’s degree, I want to use all the gained experience to help various brands with being recognized on the market. I also want to help people in achieving all of their goals by reinventing themselves. Assistance with writing a Statement of Purpose If you want to impress the admission committee, you need to make sure that your SoP is flawless and stands out from the rest. You should not only follow the required formatting rules and the number of words but also to make sure there are no mistakes in the text. Editing is a very challenging task and even the most experienced students often fail to complete it, because it is difficult to give the paper a fresh eye if you have been working on it for weeks. Statement of Purpose is a very important stage in your academic and professional career, so it is better to entrust the assignment to professionals. We are a company you can rely on. Our excellent writers, proofreaders and editors are there for you to work on every line of your Statement of Purpose any time of the day. Here are only some of the benefits you get, when working with us: Outstanding quality of the paper, meeting the required academic level; Your SoP will meet all of the requirements of the college or university you are applying to; Round the clock assistance, which will help you to control the process on every stage; Flawless grammar and absence of typos; Unlimited revisions if you have some comments.

Pre 1920's based thesis, consult me with ideas Research Paper

Pre 1920's based thesis, consult me with ideas - Research Paper Example (Pedraza 1996). This mass influx of immigrants was needed and welcomed. The Industrial Revolution was in full swing during this time, society was completing its transformation from farm to city life and urban manpower was in short supply. The immigrants had jobs and could build their new life and America benefited because this endless source of labor streaming into Ellis Island made it the most industrialized and economically successful country in the world. Immigrants from this period and those descended from them have been very influential in the area of creative arts over the past century. They dominated the entertainment industry during the first half of the 1900’s accounting for many of the top actors, writers, producers and directors in the American movie industry. This mutually beneficial relationship, however, came at a cost to both the immigrants and their new country. From 1890 to 1918, the country grew by a larger percentage that at any other 30 year period before o r since. The Eastern European immigrants flocked to the new industrial jobs in the city which filled an economical need in America. On the other hand, their presence also instigated a cultural divide between the current resident small-town Protestant farmers and the new Catholic immigrants with the thick accents who were not ‘men of the land’ but rather had succumbed to the sinful life of the city. (Crossen, 2006). Prior to 1890, the majority of the voting public was considered within the boundaries of the social middle-class. By 1918, the country had become more socially divided. The rapid growth of the immigrant population became a threat to the country’s natural resources when there had been plenty for all. The expansion of people and settlements along with over-hunting led to the creation of federal preservation programs such as the federal parks. During the turn of the 20th century, the fear of immigrants reached a fever pitch. The roots of this new racism w ere from ‘old world’ anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic mind-sets. The ideology that grew from immigrant racism is the belief that the Western and Northern European Anglo-Saxon heritage was a superior ‘race’ to Eastern and Southern Europeans. (Higham, 1988). These widespread beliefs had an effect on immigration policy in the U.S. which, in the early 1900’s, moved to limit the numbers and types of people allowed to immigrate. The anti-foreigner sentiment crossed all segments of society, from the Protestant farmers in the furthest reaches of the rural regions to Ivy League elitists. A Harvard-educated man formed the Immigration Restriction League in 1894 which made recommendations to the government. They advocated testing the literacy of refugees as a prerequisite to entering the country or gaining citizenship. This was intended to slow the number of immigrants from Eastern and Southern European which had been, â€Å"sending an alarming number of illitera tes, paupers, criminals, and madmen who endangered American character and citizenship.† (Hirschman, 2006). Many Americans, known as nativists, concluded that the rate of immigration, especially from Eastern European counntries, should either be greatly reduced or halted altogether. â€Å"The myth of the melting pot has been discredited,† said Representative Albert Johnson, (R) who was one of many congressmen concerned about America’s ‘open-door’ policy. â€Å"The day of unalloyed welcome to all peoples, the day of indiscriminate

Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Diabetes - Essay Example However, the International Diabetes Federation indicates that seven of the ten countries with the highest number of diabetics are in the developing world rather than where the medicines and treatments might be readily available. Increased risks of stroke and heart disease are associated with diabetes no matter where it strikes. â€Å"These life-threatening consequences strike people with diabetes more than twice as often as they do others† (American Diabetes Association, 2006). Further complications associated with diabetes include kidney disease, blindness, and the threat of amputations. â€Å"In some countries in the Caribbean and the Middle East, the percentage of the diabetic population ranges from 12 to 20 percent† (Dorfman, 2007). These numbers increase every year along with the rising costs associated with health care provisions. This discussion examines what diabetes is, the lifestyle and genetic risk factors of the disease and its potential health consequences. It will also discuss preventative measures as well as proper diet and care for those afflicted with the disease. A primary factor in diabetes is the level of insulin present in the body. Insulin is a chemical the body produces naturally to mange the induction of glucose into the system. When the body produces too little amounts of insulin, greater amounts of glucose are allowed to enter the bloodstream thereby causing the symptoms of the disease called diabetes. Glucose, a simple sugar, enters the body by way of ingested food and into every red blood cell via the bloodstream; the cells then break down the glucose which acts to supply energy throughout the body. Brain cells, as well as other organs, are fueled by glucose alone. In diabetics, the body does not keep a stable amount of glucose in the cells. This means the body has more than the necessary glucose levels immediately after a meal but too

Weber in University Essay Example for Free

Weber in University Essay Max Weber’s (1958) one aspect of analyzing society involves rationalization in capitalism ( p. 13). His idea is that pursuit of money is not just for the sake of earning but must also be rationalized—in a way that is calculating or earning more profit (Weber, 1958). Highlight of this is the Lutherian input that capitalism gives you a special duty. Fulfillment of that duty is the highest form of performing moral activity as this is moral obligation (spirit of capitalism) (Weber, 1958). Universities never escaped capitalism. It has even become the means for the reproduction of capitalism. University propagates the idea that a man needs to study to be able to work— where the higher education level he attains, the greater is his opportunity to earn more. It is similar with Weber’s idea on task specialization—a student entering the university must choose his specialization or degree program. With this, universities earn profit because more students want to get to college. The main idea being that when you get to graduate from the university with a degree, you are sure to land on a good job with good pay. But earning money is not the highlight on getting a degree. Instead, it is inculcated as a moral obligation to the society which is parallel to Weber’s spirit of capitalism. A better member of society is someone who works hard achieving his tasks than someone who does not strive for success. Looking at how university works, specific duties are performed by specific groups. Professors teach, administrative manages the university and other groups for other significant tasks like counseling and housing for students who serves as the â€Å"customers† though not purchasing market goods but intellect and skills. These duties once fulfilled rationalize the profit earned by universities. Not only is mere fulfillment of duty considered a moral activity but as education is uplifted and seen as significant, so are the professors who mold the future workforce of the world. It is indeed the highest form of moral activity literally and figuratively. These duties/jobs found in the universities comprise the labor—important concept for Weber and Marx. While Marx argues that there is no free labor since people have to sell their labor power to capitalist, Weber argues that selling this is still wage-flexible and calculable (1920, p. 21). Good examples are the janitors and the professors. Both sell their labor power to owners of university. But since both has different labor power to offer (one on manual labor, other is teaching), there would be wage-differences. Thus, it shows how university truly has incorporated calculation with it being a business. As shown, universities, though seen as having noble purpose of educating, are still under the rationalistic capitalism that calculates, profit-oriented and involve special tasks. They bring to the society two valuable products—the profit they earn in terms of money and the students who in turn earns money and profit for themselves after college. This is how universities pattern with Weber’s idea. Reference Weber, M. (1958). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New York: Scribner.

Teens, Sex, and Virginity - I Was Raped by My Teacher :: Example Personal Narratives

I Was Raped by My Teacher Ken was my voice teacher. I never admired anyone more than him. He meant the world to me. It would be safe to say that we did not have a typical teacher/student relationship. I was infatuated with him. He was tall dark and had the voice of an angel. But he was eleven years older than I was, and he was my teacher. I learned from him, I confided in him, and I trusted him. I never pictured myself being with him. I never dreamt he would think of me as a 'woman' and not just a love-stricken seventeen year-old vocal student. When I began my lessons with Ken, they took place at school, but then somewhere down the line, he wanted them to be at his house. He was the teacher, and I was told that you never argued with what the teacher had to say. Our next lesson, I showed up at his house at 1:00 sharp, ready to sing. I had never been to his house before, and I was a little nervous about seeing it. However, when he opened the door and greeted me with his cute little smile, I knew there was nothing to be nervous about. We started our lesson by singing a few songs for fun (we always sang duets together). He said that I wasn't singing my best and asked if I was stressed. Of course I was stressed! I was the lead in our school musical and it would open in two weeks. "One can never reach their full potential when they are stressed," he said, as he began to rub my shoulders. This was weird for me, but like I said, he was the teacher, and you never argue with the teacher. We finished our lesson , I thanked him and I was on my way out. Before I left though, he took my face in his hands, and he kissed me goodbye. I didn't really know what to do. Had that just happened? Did he just kiss me? Did I kiss him back? Is that wrong? He's too old! I'm too young! He's my teacher! We spoke on the phone several times that week, but never brought up the kiss.

Work-Related Project Analysis

Computer designing is a key effective of learning computers are a good educational design. The computer designing has related learning resources went it comes to guidelines. Computer designing guidelines which meet the learning for different types of groups and which are encourage to active and rich learning. The designing can effective the computer based of learning went it come to its environment. The computer has many branch of technology which has information that is security to the computers network. There are many objectives to the computer security that protects the information from any theft and natural disaster which allows information into the computer network. The computer technologies have become unwanted computer behavior and security strategies behavior. The computer technology which has security went it comes to logic. The security primary goals are the computer designing, applications programs with the type of security which most have restrictions to different types of program behaviors. The computer software has to be trusted and be able to security the software and be trustworthy for the database to run. There are some software’s that you cannot trust with a security computer systems software and hardware. Which different types of computer systems that can resulted in many possibility and use it very limited. Because ones approached with computer systems can always lead them to failure. Computer designing which often has hardware techniques are used to effective the security after they are design. The approach of the techniques and using the techniques security systems is having the effective of the design in the computer systems. The technique is to enforce the computer design principle and provide them with the function they need to attack and gain access to the program then need. Which breaking the computer systems up within smaller components can reduce individual components when using techniques that provide the software better access. With learning different types of knowledge and building strategies when it come to computer designing. The computer design should use and defense that way more than a subsystems needs the knowledge of information. The computer designing should become defense in the security which does not provide very many platforms in information. The computer security has many vulnerable that has few risk went it comes to computers and their connected to the network. With the computer network has the internet that computer security can expand gone it especially comes to the internet and using the network? The technical went it come to the computer security is that a represented by someone else has to get authentication or availability to use the network. In some computer system different types of areas can be confidentiality which mean very important file are there and you cannot be their unless you got the password to be there. There could be many confidentiality and privacy and secrecy files that company may not want other people to see. Computer designs to protect their information so hackers can get into personal information. With the computer security database and many other resources and all confidentiality so no one will have access to unauthorized party’s personal information. Many users want to have anything with the registering with the internet site because not very many users trust the internet because people taking their personal information and buying thing with their credit card and debit card. Many users want to feel safe went using the internet and protect their personal information and make sure that no one gets into their files. Some people will say that a person’s information is very important to them like an individual’s how like to collect things or someone wanting to find someone special. Many people don’t like the computer designing electronic format because you never really know if the information that you’re putting is going somewhere else and it already could be in the wrong hand to begin with. But there are many programs with the computer designing to where you can have a set password to where no one can access but you and the person you’re talking in person so that way no can get access to your personal information. There are many designing for computers which can be excellent to keep their servers and other computer protected and equipment which can improve their design on computer properly. The computer designing are responsibility is to making sure that all technology is confidence went it come to the projects. The computer out and input information can refer to communication went a machine or human error. Because the input information and signals which receives by the computer systems. The output which on the other hand can be data or an signal sent by the computer systems. Learning about computers in general encompasses a great deal of information. This information can relate to data input and output and how software and hardware play a specific role, but most can be derived when determining what components go into a computer. A few options exist for converting from a manual to a computer based. The lower end of computer automation would be the use of a general purpose software application package. One example would be Microsoft Office which is similar to the current package in place. This package includes word processing, spreadsheet, database management presentation graphics, and personal information management. The high end would be application specific programming. Computer information systems perform dynamic and significant roles. Whether the information for personal use, small business, or a conglomerate venue the execution and management of the computer information used must work effectively. Placing into operation an informational system allows for accuracy, convenience, and quality of input and output. Installing, maintaining, and upgrading hardware and software will ensure that the operational aspect of the system allows for an extensive radius of personnel and equipment necessities. Distinguishing the storage capabilities and speed of the computer system will further warrant the computers resilience and proficiencies. Data input must be accurate and reliable. Depending on the resource and outlet of the data also depends on the method used. People are living in the age of technology. Everything we do involves some sort of computer activity. Searching for jobs, going to school, communication, games, whatever a person desires they can use a computer to obtain it. Computers use several important components to operate. These components are input and output devices, and storage devices. An input device is a device that allows users to send data or interact with the computer. The most common input devices are keyboard, and mouse. However, in this age of technology other input devices can be game controllers, web and digital cameras, scanner, or a microphone. We use different input devices to conduct our daily lives.

Rain of gold Essay

In â€Å"Rain of Gold† is a detailed history of three generations of two families that have adventures and struggles overcoming many obstacles such as poverty, violence and discrimination. Initially caught up in the Mexican revolution of 1910. Tracing their migration to the United States and the difficulties they faced, it portrays an accurate picture of life in Mexico in the early 1900’s and in the coastal area of California during the time of prohibition through the 1930’s. . Socially Espirito lived in poverty that he needed some money for his people he had some sweet water that he had gotten from the Rio Urique River to go and sell it to Don Carlos store because they were poor and wanted some money for their people. So then he gave Don Carlos some gold nuggets that were worth a lot of money so he started trading the stones for food and clothing after don Carlos saw how much he was making then later, he made an offer to espirito to sell him the part of the spring but the spring was from the people who use it. Politically don Carlos sold the river because he could not get more gold because he and espirito they made an agreement saying that don Carlos will be able to only get the gold from the top part of the canyon cliff and not to dig any part around the river. So after a couple of years he knew that the best thing to do was to sell the canyon cliff to someone else. Don Carlos sold the canyon cliff to Bernardo Garcia he was a rancher that had no fear to no one or anything, he decided to dig into the river to get more gold out of it, went he knew that he wasn’t getting gold anymore he sold the canyon cliff to an American miner’s company. Everything around canyon cliff started to disappear by constructing large buildings, roads after the company prospered in 1910. Economically espirito peoples was really affected when they got kicked out of the canyon cliff because the money they were making it was for the American mining. Socially Lupe Gomez had to work at a young age and she also would help her mother with the mineros to make the food, but one day moved with her family to the U.S. in 1923 to work in the cotton and fruit fields of Arizona and California and married Juan Salvador Villasenor, who had taken a similar route, in 1929. Socially Juan was in so much in discrimination when he left Mexico to go to Los Angeles with his family.one day Juan went to a cafà © to eat breakfast and he asked for ham and eggs and coffee when the man saw him he told Juan â€Å"but you see, my waitress, she’s new and so she didn’t know we can’t serve the Mexicans.†(Villasenor pg.232). Like on where I saw on a video that there was this soldier that was working for 38 months in the u.s.a he went to this restaurant and on outside the restaurant he saw a sign that said â€Å"no Mexicans allowed.†(Los Mineros). The Mexicans were discriminated just because they were Mexicans or also because of their skin color. Politically, the laws in the United States in the 1900s was the Mexicans were not allowed in restaurants, schools, stores, and other places just because of their skin color and because they were Mexicans. Economically In conclusion, this story is based on how this families have differences between the two families’ difficult journeys of survival yet, portrays their similarities and how their journeys culminate in the joining of the two families through the marriage of the youngest son of the Villasenor family and the youngest daughter of the Gomez family. The two families experience contrasting journeys as Juan’s family was poor in Mexico after once being rich, however, in the United States, his family becomes better off due to Juan’s entrepreneurial activities. Meanwhile, Lupe’s family does not experience the same fortune as they leave Mexico as a lower-middle class family that supported itself through its serving food to miners and occasional finding of gold, and they are not able to obtain economic prosperity when crossing into the United States and struggle to settle down and are continuously moving as they work in the fields picking crops from one place to another following the harvest. Despite the difficulties that these two Mexican families suffer in their attempt to escape the Revolution and in their hope of a better life in the United States, Rain of Gold depicts the social and economic struggles of Mexican families and the prejudice they experience in the United States and how Mexican immigration is similar to African immigration as well as Chinese and Japanese immigration into the United States. Prior to both families’ immigration to the United States, Juan and Lupe’s families are centered around their mothers. Bibliography All the sources I used: 1. Victor Villasenor 2. Acuna 3. â€Å"Los Mineros† PBS.1992.

Free Essays on Discipline

I’ll never forget, I was 7 years old and I wanted to stay to my Aunt Jolethia’s house, but my mother and father told me no I had school the next day. And that I could come back tomorrow. I was not going for it. I kicked and screamed down the steps, up the sidewalk, and into the car. I made a big fuss. That night I don’t know what came over me I was going to do anything to stay. So I decided to pull my mothers freshly done pineapple waves. We had a small compact two door car and some how my mother managed to body slam me in the car. All I remember was going up in the air and waking up the next morning in my bed. Ever since that fateful night my parents did not have to worry about discipline problems from me. But for the new generation discipline is a foreign word. There are more out of control children today than ever before, due to not only lack of discipline, but also, parental involvement in the lives of their children. It is not enough to just discipline a child and not find out what is going on in that child’s life. Parental involvement is as important as setting up rules and following through, by punishing the child when those rules are broken. Parents need to be aware of who his friends are, and are the friends the parents have met, those ones their kid is hanging out with? Be aware of who are the people that are influencing their child.Try to find out as best they can what is happening in their kids’ life, any problems or pressures that might trouble a kid, and become problematic for either the child or the parent. There are kids that do what they want to do because they know all their parents are going to do is yell at them a little bit, and that is it for their punishment. After yelling for a while, the parent feel li... Free Essays on Discipline Free Essays on Discipline I’ll never forget, I was 7 years old and I wanted to stay to my Aunt Jolethia’s house, but my mother and father told me no I had school the next day. And that I could come back tomorrow. I was not going for it. I kicked and screamed down the steps, up the sidewalk, and into the car. I made a big fuss. That night I don’t know what came over me I was going to do anything to stay. So I decided to pull my mothers freshly done pineapple waves. We had a small compact two door car and some how my mother managed to body slam me in the car. All I remember was going up in the air and waking up the next morning in my bed. Ever since that fateful night my parents did not have to worry about discipline problems from me. But for the new generation discipline is a foreign word. There are more out of control children today than ever before, due to not only lack of discipline, but also, parental involvement in the lives of their children. It is not enough to just discipline a child and not find out what is going on in that child’s life. Parental involvement is as important as setting up rules and following through, by punishing the child when those rules are broken. Parents need to be aware of who his friends are, and are the friends the parents have met, those ones their kid is hanging out with? Be aware of who are the people that are influencing their child.Try to find out as best they can what is happening in their kids’ life, any problems or pressures that might trouble a kid, and become problematic for either the child or the parent. There are kids that do what they want to do because they know all their parents are going to do is yell at them a little bit, and that is it for their punishment. After yelling for a while, the parent feel li...

Learn Direct Response Copywriting From Junk Mail Pros

Learn Direct Response Copywriting From Junk Mail Pros Are you ashamed at how vulnerable you are to junk mail? Direct response letters are part of the pantheon of junk mail.  Or at least, that’s one way to look at them. They are those letters that arrive that sell a product or solicit a donation from you, the main reason the postal service is probably still in business. Yet  direct response letters are an example of copywriting that can be extremely effective in getting your reader to take action. And, in that sense, they are not junk mail. They’re a copywriting gold mine. How To Write The Best Copy Ever With Advice From Junk Mail via @JulieNeidlingerDirect response copywriting is different from indirect response copywriting because of the timing of the response. Indirect response is copy that eventually leads to a purchase over time by building trust and awareness. Direct response pushes for a purchase immediately, at the end of that copy. That means that direct response copywriting is easily tested; you’ll know quickly whether your copy is working or not. Advertising czar David Ogilvy refused to hire any copywriter unless they’d spent a few years writing and studying direct response copywriting, that’s how valuable he thought direct response techniques were. Bill Jayme, Direct Response Extraordinaire In the 20th century, Bill Jayme’s direct response copywriting (via mail) was second to none. He was the king of the direct response mailed letter with clients lining up to pay him to write their letter. One of his better-known examples was something he wrote to help launch the magazine Psychology Today. Jayme also wrote the copy for the envelope, and for this particular piece, he posed a provocative headline: From Mike Capuzzi’s blog post on provocative headlines. The envelope needed to be opened, just like your marketing emails need to be opened, just like your blog posts need to be read. Jayme wrote a headline that piqued curiosity, and then combined it with a free take-it-now psychological test and another free offer. Whether a person answered yes or no to the question was irrelevant. It got them in the door. Marketer Gary Elwood suggests that Jayme was successful with his direct response copywriting because he took an unorthodox approach combining both the visual design of envelopes with powerful copy techniques that included: Using mystery and intrigue. How do you get people to open envelopes? To read? You make them curious. Jayme frequently asked questions or used cliffhangers to get people to proceed. Involving readers psychologically. Jayme would ask seemingly strange questions that would pull readers in. Questions such as, â€Å"Are you embarrassed to eat in a restaurant alone?† or â€Å"How much should you tip the waitress, when you’re planning to steal the ashtray?† are effective, regardless of whether the reader answers yes or no. They’ll keep reading to find out what their answer means. Using urgency. Jayme would create scarcity by suggesting there was only a limited quantity or a limited time. Scarcity motivates people. No one wants to be left out. Turning the service/product into something else. Jayme never lied about the product or service for sale, but he turned it into something more valuable. For example, you’re not selling a financial magazine, you’re selling knowledge that will make someone a savvy investor and ultimately more rich. Saying the word â€Å"free.† Jayme used the word â€Å"free† in as many ways as possible, even providing an example: ‘Free gift comes to you with our compliments gratis- on the house. It’s yours to keep as an outright present without cost or charge- not a penny!' That’s about eight ways to say â€Å"free† in two  sentences! Using exciting words. The words Jayme used were not boring. They often had cacophony to their sound and excitement in their meaning. They were words that caught attention, such as: dead, naked, free. Knowing who was reading. In order to ask the right provocative question, Jayme had to know what buttons to push. And that meant understanding the reader a bit. Elwood uses an excellent example of this: promotional copy for Coastal Living said, â€Å"If you love the shore, this new magazine will do you a world of good.† The first five words establish who the audience is that Jayme was targeting. Jayme was fond of empathy as a selling technique. This is evidenced by how he started most letters with â€Å"Dear Reader.† Empathy, incidentally, requires a far better understanding of your audience than mere demographics. Demographics tell you who the reader is and what they’re interested in. Empathy taps into understanding what the reader wants. For Further Reading: The Gary Halbert Letter: Gary Halbert has used classic direct response copywriting techniques in his pared down website. Read some of his copy to get an idea of how direct response copy sounds. â€Å"Junk Mail’s Top Dogs†: New York Times article that covers the history of the practice, and highlights Bill Jayme’s work. Bill Jayme’s â€Å"Cool Friday† letter: A wildly successful direct response letter Jayme wrote for Life Magazine, considered a classic in the genre. Armageddon Advertising: Putting fear into readers might not be the best route for you, but studying â€Å"armageddon advertising† is still a useful learning tool, as it taps into reader psychology. Learn From Direct Response  Copy Examples Clearly, direct response â€Å"junk mail† is powerful, even if we think it’s cheesy and doesn’t work. Because it does work, even on marketers who know what’s up. John Jantsch, from DuctTapeMarketing, pulled together some examples of sales letters, and extracted the foundation of what made them tick: They use a headline. There is always some sort of startling, attention-grabbing headline at work in a sales letter. Whether it was on the outside of the envelope or in the letter itself, the success of the sales letter hinged on this. They demonstrate how a reader benefits. The copy of a sales letter isn’t telling the reader how great the company or product is. Instead, they show how the reader will have a better life if they buy. They offer something logical. There must be an offer, of course, or it wouldn’t be a sales letter. But that offer must, by the time the reader gets to the end of the letter, make sense. Ads don’t offer anything. They announce sales and product prices. Too often, our copy does the same. There is a difference between an offer and an ad. The best offer is a deal that can’t be refused. With those three characteristics in mind, Jantsch dissects sales letter samples. I’ve summed up the sales copy approach with a template so that you can see the method distilled down. â€Å"If Your Name Is On This Letter† In this example of a letter from Newsweek, readers were encouraged to subscribe to the magazine. This type of sales copy, according to Jantsch, feeds into reader vanity. It suggests there is exclusivity at work and that the reader, should the offer apply to them, is special. Otherwise, if the offer isn’t of interest to them, they are common.  This copy relies heavily on the second person (â€Å"you†), and often starts out describing what isn’t (the negative) instead of what is (the positive). Writing to sell? Tell your reader they're special, offer exclusivity, guarantee enrichment.The first paragraph assures readers they are special (â€Å"your education and income set you apart from the general population†). The letter then proceeds to tell readers that subscribing to Newsweek won’t make them rich, won’t give them more friends, or give them a better job. At this point, readers are curious as to why they should get the magazine. The sales copy responds to that question by showing how the magazine can satisfy curiosity, reduce the boredom of small-minded conversation, and expand knowledge of what’s happening in the world. It then presents an offer that reduces risk by letting readers know they can get money back. Reader, you’re special. That’s why we contacted you. We’re not going to lie about what our offer will do for you. But we will enrich your life. If you don’t like it, we’ll return your money. â€Å"Two Young Men† The next example Jantsch uses is from the Wall Street Journal. This direct sales copy uses a story (which readers love) to promise readers success if they buy (and suggest a warning if they don’t). The Wall Street Journal starts with a simple paragraph telling the story of two young men who met back during a 25th college reunion. One man was a success, the other was not. The letter then proceeds in sections, outlining what made the difference between the two men (knowledge provided by the publication, in this case), and how that applies to the reader. Read this interesting story about two possible outcomes. We’ll tell you why this happened. We’ll show you how our offer will give you the better outcome. We’ll reiterate, one more time, why those outcomes were different. And then we’ll make you a risk-reduced offer, and remind you again of the story. â€Å"Dirty Hands† The third letter example in Jantsch’s ebook is from Popular Mechanics, and uses a couple of unique things. The letter itself has a visual box at the top, filled with brief copy that establishes whether the reader is the right audience using vanity and rather obvious qualifications we all want to assign to ourselves. â€Å"If you want to live better, don’t mind hard work, like to pay your own way†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The rest of the copy works very hard at appealing not to the elitist, but to the â€Å"average Joe†.   It’s filled with homey phrases that promote elbow grease, hard work, and flag-waving. Write to sell: Appeal as understanding, offer just for them, give away a bonus for  free.Popular Mechanics knew its audience pretty well, and they knew this would be best way to elicit trust and provide a sense that they truly understood what their readers wanted or thought. In this case, it was an illustrated handyman guide, and the selling points were how it would save you money by showing you how to make repairs yourself, that it was easy to use, and it was for readers â€Å"just like you.† To cap it off, the offer included a free first book, no strings attached, telling you what kind of projects you could find on specific pages in that first book. We understand you perfectly, and we made this product for readers like you. It’s so good, we’re giving the first one away completely free. â€Å"Quite Frankly† This letter example, from American Express, relies heavily on exclusivity. More than anything, we all like to know we’re good enough to be part of an elite and exclusive club, and (shamefully) that other people won’t get in. Compared to the other letters, this letter isn’t particularly long. It’s main punch is in two sentences in the opening paragraph, making a point to say that not everyone who applies to get the card will, and that such a card isn’t for everyone. The rest of the letter is a list of the perks and benefits the card provides. We’re exclusive, and not everyone gets in. You’re lucky we’re inviting you in. Look at all the benefits you’ll get. We expect you’ll apply now. â€Å"A Story About Grandmother† Using the story approach, this letter writes in first person and tells of memories of grandma. It’s very personal and approachable, and draws the reader in immediately. This letter is for Prevention magazine, and uses memories of healthy food vs. chemical-laden food, and the need to better understand how things had changed since the time of those grandma memories. The reader then learns about how the magazine can help them, being quite direct as to how it will make their lives better. In some sense, it taps into fear, suggesting that even their doctor isn’t telling them all they need to know. For all of us, the fear that we are being kept in the dark is a highly motivating one. The letter closes with bonuses that the reader could receive, and Jantsch notes that some people will buy based on the bonuses they get when making the initial purchase. So do offer bonuses. Let me tell you a personal story. Then I’ll tell you why you should be a bit afraid. But don’t worry; I have the solution. And, if you buy, I’ll give you lots of great extras! Putting Direct Response  Methodology To Work Direct sales letter writing techniques are directly applicable to your landing pages, of course, but also some of your blog posts. Challenge: The next time a direct sales letter arrives, don’t throw it. Dissect it. Figure out what they are doing in that copy, and what makes it work (or fail). Or, do some online searches and find more examples of direct response  letters, or landing pages that employ the same techniques. Do you feel motivated to buy at the end? Why or why not? What is the writer appealing to? Fear, vanity, trust? How long is the copy? How many words? How is the offer presented? Are there bonuses? Is the copy written in first or second person? These are just a few questions to ask as you figure out what makes direct response  copy work.

Stock Investment Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stock Investment Analysis - Assignment Example What each and every investment requires is to perform well and fetch good returns. This is made possible when the business or investment is able to consistently build and maintain a long term growth on capital. The FLCSX fund tries to meet this general requirement through the investment in large capitalization stocks across the world (Vishwanath, & Krishnamurti, 2009). These large capitalization companies are the companies that are firmly established and have a high return on their capital. The FLCSX fund maintains a massive 80% of its investments in these kinds of companies (Elton, 2010). In essence there are some benefits that are expected to be drawn from these kinds of companies which include security and lower risk as compared to the small and middle cap companies (Vishwanath, & Krishnamurti, 2009). However these companies may not offer good returns as compared to the middle and small cap companies when one invests in stocks, which are the main area of investment for the FLCSX f und. This fund also poses some possibility of risk due the investment in foreign stocks. Naturally the foreign stocks experience some difficulties especially in areas such as economic developments political state of the invested country among other factors (Vishwanath, & Krishnamurti, 2009). ... The FLCSX fund fetches good returns which are increasing and though the C&P 500 fund started off at a higher level. As time went by the FLCSX fund was able to create a margin between the C&P500 fund to a high of more than 5% (Elton, 2010). However in the past three year period it was able to pick up and close the margin to 3%. This is greatly attributed to the recession of 2009 taking into consideration the earlier discussed in their investment strategy of FLCSX fund. However the trend reversed and in the past one year there has been a margin of 6%. Therefore it can be concluded that the performance of the FLCSX fund has been above bar. The fund initially started off at a point below the benchmark of C&P500 but it was able to strengthen and register a high of 6% above the benchmark in the past one year. The financial performance of the FLCSX fund has had an upward trend over some years. However the fund is faced by some volatility risks that include currency exchange rates, political structures, interest rates and regulatory risks among other risks. These risks impact in their own unique way to the returns that the company gets (Elton, 2010). The currency exchange rates are known to change day in day out and their fluctuations can lead to a gain or a loss. When the rates go down the company is set to realize low profits as they will get less after the exchange. However when the exchange rates go up the company will realize more after they trade in the currencies (Elton, 2010). The political state also affects returns that are fetched from the stocks and securities of FLCSX. These securities trade in the local and foreign markets this increases the risk as the political situations of the in the companies invested in

Five pillars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Five pillars - Essay Example By pillars of Islam it is meant that these five parts are the basic foundation of Islam and they should be followed by a Muslim in order to show his allegiance to Islam. These five pillars have been mentioned in the Holy book of Quran and were practiced in the time of Muhammad. The five pillars are prayer (Salat), profession of faith (Shahada), fasting (Sawm), almsgiving (Zakat) and pilgrimage (Hajj) (Ibrahim, 1997). Some of these obligations are also found in other religions such as Christianity but in Islam they are made obligatory in such a way that they draw a clear boundary in between the principles followed in Islam (Tabatabae 45). In other words the five pillars are to be followed by every Muslim living in any society. (Islamic Encyclopedia). Islam is based on the principles of Oneness of Allah Almighty and the devotion of a Muslim to Him (Tripod). The literal meaning of the word Allah is God and this God in accordance to the teachings of Islam is the One who brought life to every race on this planet. (Islamic Encyclopedia). A Muslim by following Allah’s commandments is showing his devotion and recognition of his power. Profession faith there is a requirement in the religion of Islam. In other words it is farz (obligatory) on every Muslim. Muslim in their usual routine recite the profession of faith in the following words "I bear witness that there is no other god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet." For an individual to be a Muslim he has to have belief on this phrase.(Islamic Encyclopedia). A true Muslim would not only recite this profession but would also believe in it and know its meaning (Tripod). In the world today activities done by an individual can be criticized by his fellow members but if the individual recites the profession of faith no one can argue or challenge him for his faith (Tripod). The second pillar of Islam is the daily Salat that the Muslims should offer. All grown up Muslims have been

How are the principles that underlie the process of motivational Essay

How are the principles that underlie the process of motivational interviewing relate to social change and community development - Essay Example ient that the interviewer is attentive, empathetic and genuinely desires to be a facilitator of attitudinal and behavioural change to improve the socio-psychological adjustment of the client and improve their general lifestyle. Hence, the interviewer becomes, essentially, a positive change agent for the client (Miller, Yahne and Tonigan 2003). Individuals, within a social context, that have maladaptive or unhealthy behaviours detract from the development of a cohesive and well-functioning community. This is why enacting long-term behaviour change and improving socio-psychological adjustment is so critical, as deviant behaviours, anti-social attitude, or other negative behaviours can pose risk or danger to a broader community population. In an idealistic society, the goal is to ensure that all society members within a community have an attitude that promotes teamwork, alliance and partnership, though this is not a tangible reality in many societies throughout the world. This essay explores the processes of motivational interviewing and its potential benefits or contributions to achieving social change and developing positive communities with an emphasis on how MI is properly facilitated to achieve these desirable and encouraging advantages. The main premise of MI is to maintain a non-adversarial attitude with the client, be completely without confrontational stance and illustrate complete non-judgmental behaviours (Miller and Rollnick 2002). The premise of MI is to break-down the barriers which are driving client uncertainty and ambivalence that allow for continuation of unhealthy or maladapted behaviours. In motivational interviewing, the mentor serves as a resource for assisting the client in resolving the factors that drive ambivalence without being directly persuasive. The interviewer serves only as a director that facilitates discussion about what is revealed within the client’s inner world and provides therapeutic discourse to nurture the client’s

Research Review on Accuracy of Memory

Research Review on Accuracy of Memory Meghan Amber-Rose Turnbull Explain and evaluate what research has taught us about why our memories are not always accurate. Memory[p1] is a mechanism whereby the brain stores and retrieves information to be used in everyday life. Psychologists have come to understand the existence of memory, as we do not continuously re-learn information every time it is of need. This is what lead psychologist’s to develop three key processes in memory. These are encoding, storage and retrieval. Encoding processes take in information from the outside world using the senses. Each piece of information is given a unique code to enable it to be entered into the memory system. Storage processes use this coded information to enable the memory system to retain information. This coded information is stored as internal representations which come in varying forms such as words, faces, sounds etc. Retrieval processes enable access to the stored information and come in two forms, recognition and recall. Recognition matches coded information which is stored to what is being perceived in the outside world whereas recall (brings information that is stored to your attention.) involves searching memory stores. Recall is what helps you to remember where you last placed an object such as your wallet. These three memory processes work together, therefore, how well and how much information is encoded then determines how much is stored and retrieved (Brace, 2007, pp113-114). This essay will now explain and evaluate what research has taught us about why our memories are not always accurate. One possible reason for memory inaccuracy is the presence of neuropsychological impairment or accidental brain damage. Localization of function is a theoretical method that believes particular areas of the brain play a key role in functions such as memory. When studying this, psychologists use brain scanning technology such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Patients are asked to complete certain mental tasks during a scan. The scans can then pick up brain activity and pin point which part of the brain is not functioning correctly. This can enable psychologists to understand why or how their memory may not be accurate and help in patient’s recovery. Unfortunately for some, the damage may be too severe and incurable. This can be seen in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and dementia. (Brace and Roth, 2007, pp144-145[p2]) Research conducted by (Martin) Conway and colleagues looked at how well students retained information, over a 12 year period, after completing a cognitive psychology course. The experiment tested for general overall knowledge of what was studied and they found that names were forgotten rather than principals and statistics. This is possibly due to less information being coded to a name than that of principals and statistics when information was originally taken in[p3]. This could be seen as a limitation as important information can be forgotten due to a fault in one of the key processes (in this case at encoding). Their study also found a significant strength as after 4 years the participant’s memories stabilized and what they were still able to recite at this point would potentially stay in their memory for life, meaning the participants know the information rather than remember it. (Brace and Roth, 2007, pp118) Other researchers that focused on the accuracy of memory were Loftus and Palmer (1974). They looked at the effect that leading questions can have on memory. They did this by conducting an experiment whereby participants were shown video clips of car accidents. Each participant was then asked a variation of the question â€Å"about how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?† with the verb ‘hit’ being changed each time for a more violent verb such as smashed, collided and bumped. The participant’s estimates of speed were much higher when asked how fast a car was going when it ‘smashed’ into the other car. It seems that the more violent verb convinced the participants that the cars in that clip were going faster when they were all the same speed. In a similar second experiment, one third were asked â€Å"About how fast the cars were going when they smashed into each other?†, one third were asked how fast they were going when the y ‘hit’ and a control group were not asked a question. After seven days all participants were then asked the question â€Å"did you see any broken glass?† Out of the participants that had been asked the more violent leading question using the word ‘smashed’, 32 per cent admitted to seeing broken glass, even though there had been no broken glass shown on the video clip. An advantage of the research conducted by Loftus and Palmer (1974), is that it gained a lot of knowledge into the misinformation effect. This means information that is given to a person after an event takes place can actually override (or merge with) the memory that they originally have due to the memory not being encoded properly[p4]. Yet, this can also be seen as a disadvantage as If memory can be influenced this easily using only leading questions, it could be used to effect witness testimonies and people can be made to remember events that they did not actually witness. (Brace, 200 7, pp133-134) There is also much to be said about the accuracy of autobiographical memories, which are episodes that an individual can remember from their life. This includes past experiences and biographical information. From this, Brown and Kulik (1977) devised the flashbulb memory. Flashbulb memories are formed when certain conditions, such as surprising and emotionally arousing events, are met and create detailed and stable memories. Brown and Kulik (1977) used insider viewpoints in their research and found that memories of events, such as the assassination of John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King, were highly detailed and much more accurate than other memories. A limitation to this area of research is that it depends solely on personal circumstance. What an individual finds, surprising, arousing and important will determine how well they will remember an event. For instance, the assassination of Martin Luther King registered a higher number of flashbulb memories with black North Americans tha n white North Americans. This means the accounts of white North Americans were less accurate (of the event) than the accounts of black North Americans. However, their research also showed a significant strength in memory recall as flashbulb memories store such a detailed and vivid account of what happened. When asked, participants could remember who they were with, where they were and exactly what they were doing when they learned of the surprising event. (Brace, 2007, pp140[p5]) Collective memories also play a part in how accurate recollections of past events can be. Jean Piaget (1960) spoke of his own experience of collective memory. Piaget was able to describe in detail an instance when a man tried to kidnap him as a child. Subsequently, at the age of fifteen Paiget’s nanny wrote to his family to admit that she had made the story up and the attempted kidnapping never took place. Fifty years on, Piaget could still remember the scratches the man had left on the face of his nanny during the supposed event. Paiget’s collective memory of the kidnapping is possibly due to family repeatedly discussing in detail what happened. Over a period of time, Piaget came to believe that he had witnessed this kidnapping and formed memories of what happened based on what others had told him. (An advantage of this is that) Piaget was able to recall this particular memory in so much detail after fifty years, showing that the information had been told was encoded and stored perfectly and thus was able to be retrieved. This instance shows how memory is not always accurate, as Piaget describes his memory of the kidnapping as being witnessed first-hand. Essentially, his memory of the event was fabricated from information he had been told by family members. (Brace, 2007, pp143[p6]) Research has shown that there are many factors that can affect the accuracy of our memory[p7]. However, these factors are dependent on individual and personal circumstance. The research of Conway (1991) stated that memory inaccuracies were due to a fault in one of the key processes. For instance, if there isn’t enough information taken in and coded it makes it highly difficult for the information to be retrieved in any detail. Piaget (1960) and Loftus and Palmer (1974) both focused on the effect that other people can have on influencing the memory of an individual (. Meaning) illustrating that others can make you believe you have witnessed a situation just by talking about it often enough or using leading questions and persuasive language . The research of Brown and Kulik (1977) concentrated more on personal circumstance. They found that how accurate a person’s memory is of a situation depends on how interesting, surprising or emotionally stimulating they, as a person, find the event. What also must be taken into consideration is the possibility of brain damage and neuropsychological impairment; this can affect the accuracy of memory as the part of the brain that is responsible for memory recall may be damaged in some way. To conclude, the research mentioned in this essay has given a vast pool of knowledge into why our memories are not always accurate. References Brace, N. and Roth, I. (2007) ‘Memory: structures, processes and skills’ In D. Miell, A. Phoenix, K. Thomas (Eds.), Mapping Psychology, Chapter 8 (2nd ed, pp. 113–145). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Brown, R. and Kulik, J. (1977) ‘Flashbulb memories’, Cognition, vol.5, pp.73-99[p8]. Conway, M.A., Cohen, G.M. and Stanhope, N. (1991) ‘On the very long-term retention of knowledge acquired through formal education: twelve years of cognitive psychology’, Journal of experimental psychology: General, vol.120, pp.395-409. Loftus, E.F. and Palmer, J.C. (1974) ‘Reconstruction of automobile destruction: an example of the interaction between language and memory’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, vol.13, pp.585-9. Piaget, J. (1960) Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood, New York, Norton [p1]A good introduction in terms of explaining what is involved in memory and the issue, but you need to state precisely how you plan to organise the essay. [p2]Note that individuals may also vary in memory function due to brain differences. [p3]This is a good point – names do not have a specific meaning nor do they relate to the person (except in some cultures) so are easily forgotten. [p4]In fact there is debate about the cause of the misinformation effect which could also be due to not attending at encoding, due to fear or misattributing the source of information so it is thought to be real (as with Piaget’s story and Crombag’s study of memories of an air crash.). [p5]You might have commented that some psychologists question how accurate flashbulb memories are. [p6]Like the memory of Loftus and Palmer’s participants – their memory was â€Å"reconstructed†. [p7]This conclusion is well focused on the evaluative part of the question – and summarises your points well. You might also have considered methodological issues. [p8]Don’t simply add references from the end of the chapter unless you have read them first hand. If you have read ABOUT them in the course book – you need only cite them in the main body of the essay.